The 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagle is one of the most interesting coins from the early 20th century. Minted in San Francisco, this $20 gold coin is popular among collectors because of its beautiful design and rich history. This coin is a piece of American heritage, and its unique history makes it a must-have for coin enthusiasts. Let’s dive into the history, design, and value of the 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagle.
A Look at the 1903 San Francisco Mint Coins
In 1903, the San Francisco Mint produced several types of coins. Among these, the 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagle and the 1903-S Morgan Dollar are the rarest and most sought-after by collectors. The following table shows the production numbers for each coin type minted that year:
| Coin Type | Mintage |
|---|---|
| 1903-S Barber Dime | 613,300 |
| 1903-S Barber Quarter | 1,036,000 |
| 1903-S Barber Half Dollar | 1,920,772 |
| 1903-S Morgan Dollar | 1,241,000 |
| 1903-S Liberty Head Half Eagle | 1,855,000 |
| 1903-S Liberty Head Eagle | 538,000 |
| 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagle | 954,000 |
The 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagle had a mintage of 954,000 pieces, which is the lowest output for the San Francisco Mint since 1892. However, many of these coins were melted down after the gold recall of 1933, making the remaining coins valuable.
Why the 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagle is Rare
Despite its relatively high mintage, the 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagle is still considered rare today. Here’s a summary of its rarity and availability:
| Detail | Information |
|---|---|
| Estimated Surviving Population | 10,000 – 15,000 Mint State examples |
| Auction Appearances (1946-1981) | 151 auction appearances reported by David W. Akers |
| Grading Events (NGC) | Over 6,000 grading events |
| Most Common Grade | MS62 |
| Condition Rarity | Rare in MS65 and above |
Many of these coins were returned to the U.S. after World War II, which is why collectors can still find them today. However, finding a coin in high grades (like MS65 or above) is quite challenging due to their rarity.
Design of the 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagle
Obverse (Front)
The front of the coin features a portrait of Lady Liberty facing left. Here’s what you can find on the obverse:
- Portrait: Lady Liberty with a coronet labeled “LIBERTY”
- Stars: 13 stars surrounding her, representing the original colonies
- Date: The year “1903” is located below her portrait
Reverse (Back)
The back of the coin displays a striking design of an eagle:
- Eagle: A bold eagle with a shield
- Sunbeams: Sunbeams extending from the eagle’s wings
- Motto: “IN GOD WE TRUST” and “E PLURIBUS UNUM” encircling the design
- Mintmark: The “S” mintmark above “TWENTY DOLLARS”
Edge
The edge of the coin is reeded, adding a textured feel to the coin.
Coin Designer: James Barton Longacre
James Barton Longacre was a significant figure in American coin design. Here are some key facts about him:
| Detail | Information |
|---|---|
| Role | Chief Engraver of the U.S. Mint |
| Appointed | By President John Tyler in 1844 |
| Notable Designs | Flying Eagle Cent, Indian Head Cent, Shield Nickel |
| Historical Impact | Influential in American numismatics and coin design |
Market Value and Collecting Tips
The market for the 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagle can vary widely based on the coin’s condition. Here’s a breakdown of market prices:
| Grade | Price Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| MS62 | $5,000 – $10,000 | More affordable, widely available |
| MS65 | $16,500 – $21,000 | Rarer and more valuable |
| MS66 | $18,000+ | Extremely rare and sought after |
When collecting, consider starting with lower-graded coins if you’re on a budget, but aim for higher grades if you’re looking to invest.
Conclusion
The 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagle is more than just a coin; it’s a piece of American history that reflects a time when gold coins were part of everyday life. With its beautiful design and fascinating story, this coin continues to be popular among collectors. Whether you’re new to coin collecting or a seasoned expert, the 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagle is a valuable addition to any collection.
FAQ’s
What is the 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagle?
The 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagle is a $20 gold coin minted in San Francisco. It features a portrait of Lady Liberty on the front and a heraldic eagle on the back. It is known for its beautiful design and historical significance in American coinage.
How many 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagles were minted?
A total of 954,000 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagles were minted, making it the lowest output for the San Francisco Mint since 1892. However, many were melted down after the 1933 gold recall, making surviving examples more valuable.
What is the value of the 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagle?
The value of the 1903-S Liberty Head Double Eagle varies by condition. In general, coins in lower grades (like MS62) can range from $5,000 to $10,000, while higher grades (like MS65) can sell for $16,500 or more, depending on market demand and condition.