The 1865-S Liberty Head Double Eagle is a $20 gold coin cherished by collectors. Struck at the San Francisco Mint using California gold, it represents a significant piece of American history. With a journey that includes Civil War service and a notable role in shipwreck salvage, this coin is both a numismatic treasure and a fascinating historical artifact.
What Makes the 1865-S Liberty Head Double Eagle Special?
The coin’s rarity and its survival through shipwrecks make it highly valuable. While over one million coins were minted, the recovery of shipwrecked coins, particularly from the Brother Jonathan and Republic, has made high-grade coins available. The table below summarizes key information about this coin.
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Year of Issue | 1865 |
| Mintmark | S (San Francisco) |
| Mintage | 1,042,500 |
| Alloy | .900 Gold, .100 Copper |
| Weight | 33.436 grams |
| Diameter | 34.00 mm |
| Edge | Reeded |
| Designer | James Barton Longacre |
| Shipwrecks | SS Brother Jonathan, SS Republic |
| Typical Value (MS64) | $20,000+ |
| Top Grade Examples | MS66 (2 in PCGS, 9 in NGC) |
The 1865-S Liberty Head Double Eagle and Famous Shipwrecks
SS Brother Jonathan
In July 1865, the SS Brother Jonathan sank with passengers and a cargo of gold coins. When its wreck was discovered in the 1990s, about 1,207 Double Eagles were recovered, including some in excellent condition, adding significantly to their rarity and desirability.
SS Republic
The SS Republic, formerly a Civil War vessel, sank off Georgia’s coast with valuable coins. Its rediscovery in 2003 led to the recovery of additional 1865-S Double Eagles, although in smaller numbers than from the Brother Jonathan.
Identifying and Grading the 1865-S Liberty Head Double Eagle
Grading and condition play a big role in the value of this coin. The table below explains the factors that influence pricing:
| Grade | Typical Price Range | Description |
|---|---|---|
| MS65 and above | $20,000 – $50,000+ | Top-grade coins with excellent luster and minimal imperfections |
| Shipwreck Recovery | Additional premium | Coins with special labels from Brother Jonathan or Republic |
| Unique Toning | Moderate premium | Toning due to saltwater exposure adds appeal for collectors |
Value of the 1865-S Liberty Head Double Eagle
Shipwreck-recovered examples are popular, especially those in Mint State condition. High-grade examples from shipwrecks can reach $20,000 and sometimes much higher for particularly rare specimens.
Conclusion
The 1865-S Liberty Head Double Eagle is more than just a coin; it’s a piece of American history, holding stories of the Civil War and ocean adventures. Whether found from shipwrecks or preserved by collectors, each coin connects us to a pivotal time in American history. As a collector, owning one of these coins is not only a wise investment but also a chance to hold a tangible piece of the past.
FAQ’s
Why is the 1865-S Liberty Head Double Eagle important?
This $20 gold coin is valued for its historical link to the Civil War, Gold Rush, and its association with famous shipwrecks like the Brother Jonathan and Republic.
How do I identify a shipwreck-recovered 1865-S Double Eagle?
Shipwreck coins have special labels, sometimes with steamship images, indicating their recovery from notable wrecks.
What factors increase the value of the 1865-S Liberty Head Double Eagle?
Grade, condition, shipwreck provenance, and unique toning can increase value. Top-grade shipwreck coins are especially prized.